Kutheni le nto iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zibe zezona njini ziqhubayo?
Imoto yombane inokuguqula amandla ombane kumandla omatshini, kwaye idlulisele amandla omatshini kumavili ngenkqubo yokuhambisa ukuqhuba isithuthi.Yenye yeenkqubo ezingundoqo zokuqhuba izithuthi zamandla amatsha.Okwangoku, iimoto zokuqhuba eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiimoto zamandla amatsha ikakhulu ziimotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi kunye neemotor ze-AC asynchronous.Uninzi lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha zisebenzisa iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina.Iinkampani zemoto ezimeleyo ziquka i-BYD, i-Li Auto, njl. Ezinye izithuthi zisebenzisa ii-motor ze-AC asynchronous.Iimoto zombane zimele iinkampani zeemoto ezifana neTesla kunye neMercedes-Benz.
Injini ye-asynchronous iqulunqwe ikakhulu yi-stator emileyo kunye ne-rotor ejikelezayo.Xa i-stator winding ixhunywe kwi-AC power supply, i-rotor iya kujikeleza kwaye ikhuphe amandla.Umgaqo ophambili kukuba xa i-stator winding inikwe amandla (i-alternating current), iya kwenza intsimi ye-electromagnetic ejikelezayo, kunye ne-rotor winding yi-conductor evaliweyo eqhubekayo ukusika imigca ye-stator's magnetic induction kwintsimi yemagnethi ejikelezayo ye-stator.Ngokomthetho kaFaraday, xa umqhubi ovaliweyo enqumla umgca wokungeniswa kwamagnetic, i-current iya kuveliswa, kwaye yangoku iya kuvelisa intsimi ye-electromagnetic.Ngeli xesha, kukho imimandla emibini ye-electromagnetic: enye yintsimi ye-stator ye-electromagnetic edityaniswe kumbane otshintshayo wangaphandle, kwaye enye iveliswa ngokusika umgca we-stator electromagnetic induction.Intsimi ye-rotor yombane.Ngokomthetho kaLenz, i-current induced iya kuhlala ixhathisa imbangela ye-current induced current, oko kukuthi, zama ukunqanda abaqhubi be-rotor ukusika imigca yokufakelwa kwamagnetic kwi-stator ejikelezayo yamagnetic field.Isiphumo kukuba: abaqhubi be-rotor baya "kubamba" kunye ne-stator's Intsimi ye-electromagnetic ejikelezayo ithetha ukuba i-rotor igxotha umbane ojikelezayo we-stator, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-motor iqala ukujikeleza.Ngethuba lenkqubo, isantya sokujikeleza kwe-rotor (n2) kunye nesantya sokujikeleza kwe-stator (n1) siphuma kwi-sync (umahluko wesantya malunga ne-2-6%).Ke ngoko, ibizwa ngokuba yi-asynchronous AC motor.Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba isantya sokujikeleza siyafana, sibizwa ngokuba yi-synchronous motor.
Imagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor ikwaluhlobo lwe-AC motor.I-rotor yayo yenziwe ngentsimbi enemagnethi esisigxina.Xa i-motor isebenza, i-stator inikwe amandla okuvelisa i-magnetic field ejikelezayo ukutyhala i-rotor ukuba ijikeleze."Ungqamaniso" luthetha ukuba ukujikeleza kwe-rotor ngexesha lokusebenza ngokuzinzile Isantya sidityaniswa kunye nesantya sokujikeleza samandla kazibuthe.Iimotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi ezilungelelanisiweyo zinomlinganiselo ophezulu wobunzima bobunzima, zincinci ngobungakanani, zikhaphukhaphu ngobunzima, zinetorque enkulu ephumayo, kwaye zinesantya esiphezulu somda kunye nokusebenza kwebraking.Ke ngoko, iimotor ze-synchronous zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziye zaba yeyona moto isetyenziswa kakhulu yombane namhlanje.yemoto yombane.Nangona kunjalo, xa izinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziphantsi kokungcangcazela, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nomthwalo ogqithileyo wangoku, ukufikeleleka kwemagnethi kunokwehla, okanye ukukhutshwa kweemagnethi kunokwenzeka, okunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwenjini yemagnethi esisigxina.Ukongeza, iimotor zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zisebenzisa izixhobo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, kwaye iindleko zokuvelisa azinzanga.
Xa kuthelekiswa neemotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi ezilungelelanisiweyo, iimotor ze-asynchronous kufuneka zifunxe amandla ombane ukuze zibe yimincili xa zisebenza, eziya kusebenzisa amandla ombane kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemoto.Iinjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zibiza kakhulu ngenxa yokongezwa kweemagnethi ezisisigxina.
Iimodeli ezikhetha ii-motor ze-asynchronous ze-AC zidla ngokubeka phambili umsebenzi kwaye zithathe ithuba lemveliso yokusebenza kunye nezibonelelo ezisebenzayo zeenjini ze-asynchronous kwisantya esiphezulu.Imodeli yommeli yimodeli yokuqala ye-Model S. Iimpawu eziphambili: Xa imoto iqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu, inokugcina ukusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla ombane, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngelixa kugcinwa ukukhutshwa kwamandla aphezulu;
Iimodeli ezikhetha iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zikholisa ukubeka phambili ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwaye zisebenzise imveliso yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kweenjini ezisisigxina zemagnethi ezihambelanayo ngesantya esisezantsi, zizenza zilungele iimoto ezincinci neziphakathi.Iimpawu zayo zincinci, ubunzima obulula, kunye nobomi obude bebhetri.Ngexesha elifanayo, inokusebenza kakuhle kokulawula isantya kwaye inokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle xa ujongene nokuqala ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuyeka, ukukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa.
Umazibuthe osisigxina iimotor ze-synchronous zilawula.Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwi "New Energy Vehicle Industry Chain Monthly Database" ekhutshwe yi-Advanced Industry Research Institute (GGII), umthamo wasekhaya ofakiweyo wemoto entsha yokuqhuba imoto ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Agasti 2022 yayimalunga ne-3.478 yezigidi zeeyunithi, unyaka -ukunyuka konyaka nge-101%.Phakathi kwazo, umthamo ofakiweyo we-magnetic synchronous motors osisigxina wawuyi-3.329 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-106%;umthamo ofakiweyo we-AC motors asynchronous yayiyi-1.295 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka ngama-22%.
Iimotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi ezihambelanayo ziye zaba zezona njini zokuqhuba kwintengiso yombane esulungekileyo yeemoto zabakhweli.
Xa sijonga kukhetho lweemoto zeemodeli eziqhelekileyo ekhaya naphesheya, izithuthi zamandla amatsha ziqaliswe yiSAIC Motor, iGeely Automobile, iGuangzhou Automobile, iBAIC Motor, iDenza Motors, njl.Imagnethi esisigxina iimotor synchronous zisetyenziswa ikakhulu eTshayina.Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba iimotor ze-synchronous zemagnethi ezisisigxina zinesantya esisezantsi sokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koguqulo, ezilungele iimeko zokusebenza ezinzima ngokuqala rhoqo kunye nokuma kwitrafikhi yasezidolophini.Okwesibini, ngenxa yeemagnethi zentsimbi ye-neodymium boron esisigxina kwiimotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi.Izixhobo zifuna ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo, kwaye ilizwe lam linama-70% ezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, kwaye imveliso yemagnethi ye-NdFeB ifikelela kuma-80% ehlabathi, ngoko ke iChina izimisele ngakumbi ekusebenziseni iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina.
I-Tesla yangaphandle kunye ne-BMW zisebenzisa ii-motor synchronous zemagnethi ezisisigxina kunye ne-AC asynchronous motors ukuphuhlisa ngokubambisana.Ngokwembono yesakhiwo sesicelo, imagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor lolona khetho luphambili kwiimoto zamandla amatsha.
Ixabiso lemathiriyeli yemagnethi esisigxina ibalelwa malunga ne-30% yeendleko zemagnethi esisigxina yeemotor.Iimathiriyeli ekrwada zokwenza iimotor ze-synchronous zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziquka ikakhulu i-neodymium iron boron, i-silicon sheet sheets, ubhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam.Phakathi kwazo, i-magnetic material esisigxina i-neodymium iron boron isetyenziselwa ukwenza imagnethi esisigxina ye-rotor, kunye nokwakhiwa kweendleko malunga ne-30%;amacwecwe ensimbi ye-silicon asetyenziswa kakhulu ukwenza ngokwezifiso Ukubunjwa kweendleko ze-rotor core malunga ne-20%;ukubunjwa kweendleko ze-stator winding malunga ne-15%;ukubunjwa kweendleko ze-motor shaft malunga ne-5%;kwaye ixabiso leqokobhe lemoto limalunga ne-15%.
KutheniI-OSG yemagnethi esisigxina yeemotor ze-screw air compressoresebenza ngakumbi?
Imagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor yenziwa ikakhulu sistator, rotor kunye namalungu eqokobhe.Njengeemoto eziqhelekileyo ze-AC, i-stator core inesakhiwo esine-laminated yokunciphisa ilahleko yentsimbi ngenxa ye-eddy yangoku kunye nemiphumo ye-hysteresis xa i-motor isebenza;amajiko-jiko aqhelekile ngokwezigaba ezintathu, kodwa ukhetho lweparamitha lwahluke kakhulu.Inxalenye ye-rotor ineendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa i-rotor yamagnetic esisigxina kunye ne-squirrel cage yokuqala, kunye ne-rotor edibeneyo edibeneyo okanye engaphezulu.I-rotor core ingenziwa kwisakhiwo esiqinileyo okanye i-laminated.I-rotor ixhotyiswe ngemagnethi esisigxina, ebizwa ngokuba yimagnethi.
Ngaphantsi kokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwemoto yamagnetic esisigxina, i-rotor kunye ne-stator magnetic fields zikwimeko ehambelanayo.Akukho nto i-induced current kwi-rotor part, kwaye akukho lahleko yethusi ye-rotor, i-hysteresis, okanye ilahleko yangoku ye-eddy.Akukho mfuneko yokuqwalasela ingxaki yokulahleka kwe-rotor kunye nokufudumeza.Ngokubanzi, imotor yemagnethi esisigxina inikwe amandla sisiguquli esikhethekileyo kwaye ngokwendalo inomsebenzi wokuqala othambileyo.Ukongeza, i-injini yemagnethi esisigxina yimoto ehambelanayo, eneempawu zohlengahlengiso lwamandla ngenxa yokuqina kochulumanco, ngoko ke into yamandla inokuyilwa kwixabiso elichaziweyo.
Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga, ngenxa yokuba imotor yemagnethi esisigxina iqalwa ngumbane oguquguqukayo oguquguqukayo okanye i-inverter exhasayo, inkqubo yokuqala yemoto yemagnethi esisigxina ilula kakhulu;iyafana nokuqaliswa kwemotor eguquguqukayo, kwaye inqanda iziphene zokuqala zeenjini eziqhelekileyo ze-asynchronous motors.
Ngamafutshane, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namandla eenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zinokufikelela phezulu kakhulu, isakhiwo silula kakhulu, kwaye intengiso ibishushu kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ilahleko yokusilela kovuselelo yingxaki engenakuthintelwa kwiimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina.Xa i-current ikhulu kakhulu okanye iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, iqondo lokushisa le-motor windings liya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza, i-current inyuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iimagnethi ezisisigxina ziya kulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza.Kulawulo lwemoto yemagnethi esisigxina, isixhobo sokhuseleko sangoku simiselwe ukunqanda ingxaki ye-motor stator winding etshiswayo, kodwa ukulahleka okubangelwa kukuvuseleleka kunye nokuvalwa kwezixhobo akunakuphepheka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-12-2023
