Yintoni isixhobo somthombo womoya?Sisiphi isixhobo esikhoyo?

Yintoni isixhobo somthombo womoya?Sisiphi isixhobo esikhoyo?

Isixhobo somthombo womoya sisixhobo sokuvelisa umoya ocinezelekileyo - icompressor yomoya (icompressor air).Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeecompressor zomoya, eziqhelekileyo luhlobo lwepiston, uhlobo lwe-centrifugal, uhlobo lwe-screw, uhlobo lwe-vane yokutyibilika, uhlobo lokuskrola njalo njalo.
Ukukhutshwa komoya ocinezelweyo ovela kwicompressor yomoya iqulethe isixa esikhulu sokungcola okunjengokufuma, ioyile kunye nothuli.Izixhobo zokucoca kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukususa ngokufanelekileyo ezi zinto zingcolileyo ukuze ziphephe ukubangela ingozi ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo ye-pneumatic.

Izixhobo zokucoca umthombo womoya ligama eliqhelekileyo lezixhobo ezininzi kunye nezixhobo.Izixhobo zokucoca umthombo womoya zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-post-processing equipment kwi-industry, ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisa kwiitanki zokugcina igesi, ezomisi, izihluzi, njl.
● itanki yomoya
Umsebenzi wetanki yokugcina igesi kukuphelisa ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo, ukuthembela ekwandiseni i-adiabatic kunye nokupholisa kwendalo ukunciphisa ubushushu, ukwahlula ngakumbi umswakama kunye neoli emoyeni oxinyiweyo, kwaye ugcine umlinganiselo othile wegesi.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunokunciphisa ukuchasana ukuba ukusetyenziswa komoya kukhulu kunomthamo womoya ophumayo wecompressor yomoya ngexesha elifutshane.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inokugcina ukunikezelwa komoya kwexesha elifutshane xa i-compressor yomoya ingaphumeleli okanye amandla aphelile, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwezixhobo ze-pneumatic.

●umoya Dryer

Isomisi somoya esicinezelekileyo, njengoko negama lisitsho, luhlobo lwezixhobo zokususa amanzi zomoya oxinanisiweyo.Zimbini ezomisisi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa eziqhele ukukhenkceza kunye nezomisi ze-adsorption, kunye nezomisi ezibolileyo kunye nezomisi ze-polymer membrane.Isomisi esikhenkcezisiweyo sesona sixhobo sixhaphakileyo sokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kwaye sihlala sisetyenziswa ngamaxesha aneemfuno zomgangatho womthombo womoya jikelele.Isomisi esikhenkcezisiweyo sisebenzisa uphawu lokuba uxinzelelo oluyinxenye lomphunga wamanzi kumoya oxinzelelweyo luchongwa ngubushushu bomoya oxinanisiweyo ukwenza ukupholisa, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokomisa.Izomisi ezicinezelweyo zomoya ezifakwe efrijini zibizwa ngokuba "zizomisi ezifrijiweyo" kwishishini.Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi emoyeni oxinzelelweyo, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa "iqondo lokushisa lombethe" lomoya oxinyiweyo.Kwinkqubo yomoya yoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lweshishini, sesinye sezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokomisa umoya kunye nokucocwa (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-post-processing).

1 umgaqo osisiseko

Umoya ocinezelweyo unokufezekisa injongo yokususa umphunga wamanzi ngoxinzelelo, ukupholisa, i-adsorption kunye nezinye iindlela.Isomisi esikhenkcezileyo yindlela yokupholisa.Siyazi ukuba umoya oxinzelelwe yi-compressor yomoya iqulethe iigesi ezahlukeneyo kunye nomphunga wamanzi, ngoko ngumoya omanzi.Isiqulatho sokufuma somoya ofumileyo siqhelekile ngokuchasana noxinzelelo, oko kukuthi, xa uphezulu uxinzelelo, kokukhona ukufuma kusezantsi.Emva kokuba uxinzelelo lomoya lunyukile, umphunga wamanzi emoyeni ngaphaya komxholo onokwenzeka uya kuxutywa emanzini (oko kukuthi, umthamo womoya ocinezelweyo uba mncinci kwaye awukwazi ukubamba umphunga wamanzi wokuqala).

Oku kuthetha ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nomoya owawutsalwe ekuqaleni, ubumanzi buba buncinci (apha kubhekiselele ekubuyeni kwale nxalenye yomoya ocinezelweyo ukuya kwimeko engaxinzelelwanga).

Nangona kunjalo, ukukhutshwa kwe-compressor yomoya kusekho umoya oxinzelelweyo, kwaye umxholo womphunga wamanzi ukwixabiso eliphezulu elinokwenzeka, oko kukuthi, likwimeko ebalulekileyo yegesi kunye nolwelo.Umoya oxinzelelweyo ngeli xesha ubizwa ngokuba yi-saturated state, ngoko nje ucinezelekile kancinane, umphunga wamanzi uya kutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-gaseous state ukuya kwi-liquid state, oko kukuthi, amanzi aya kuxutywa.

Kucingelwa ukuba umoya sisiponji esimanzi esifunxa amanzi, ukufuma kwawo ngamanzi afunxayo.Ukuba amanzi athile akhutshwe kwisiponji ngamandla, ngoko umgangatho womswakama wesiponji uyancipha.Ukuba uyasivumela isipontshi ukuba siphinde siphile, siya kuba soma ngakumbi kunesiponji sokuqala.Oku kuphinda kufezekise injongo yokususa amanzi kunye nokomisa ngoxinzelelo.
Ukuba akukho mandla angakumbi emva kokufikelela kumandla athile ngexesha lenkqubo yokucofa isiponji, amanzi aya kuyeka ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle, okuyimeko egcweleyo.Qhubeka ukwandisa amandla okucudisa, kwaye kusekho amanzi aphumayo.

Ngoko ke, umzimba we-compressor womoya ngokwawo unomsebenzi wokukhupha amanzi, kwaye indlela esetyenziswayo kukuxinzelela, kodwa oku akusiyo injongo ye-compressor yomoya, kodwa umthwalo "ombi".

Kutheni le nto i-"pressurization" ingasetyenziswa njengendlela yokususa amanzi emoyeni ocinezelweyo?Oku ikakhulu ngenxa yezoqoqosho, ukwandisa uxinzelelo nge-1 kg.Ukusebenzisa malunga ne-7% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla akukho qoqosho.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi "okupholisa" kunoqoqosho, kwaye i-dryer efrijini isebenzisa umgaqo ofanayo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-air conditioner ukufezekisa injongo.Ngenxa yokuba ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi ogcweleyo unomda, kuxinzelelo lwe-aerodynamic (uluhlu lwe-2MPa), kunokuqwalaselwa ukuba ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi kumoya ogcweleyo buxhomekeke kuphela kubushushu kwaye akunanto yakwenza noxinzelelo lomoya.

Ukuphakama kweqondo lobushushu, kokukhona ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi kumoya ogcweleyo, kwaye kuya kubakho amanzi amaninzi.Ngokuchasene noko, ukushisa okuphantsi, amanzi amancinci (oku kunokuqondwa kwingqiqo yobomi, ubusika bomile kwaye bubanda, ihlobo lishushu kwaye linomswakama).

Ukupholisa umoya oxinzelelweyo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi oqulethwe kuwo kwaye wenze "i-condensation", uqokelele amaconsi amancinci akhiwe yi-condensation kwaye uwakhuphe, ukuze ufezekise injongo yokususa ukufuma. emoyeni ocinezelweyo .

Ngenxa yokuba ibandakanya inkqubo yokudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa emanzini, ubushushu abukwazi ukuba ngaphantsi "kwindawo yokukhenkcela", ngaphandle koko i-phenomenon yeqhwa ayiyi kukhupha ngokufanelekileyo amanzi.Ngokwesiqhelo iqondo lobushushu “loxinzelelo lombethe” lesixhobo sokukhenkcisa lidla ngokuba yi-2–10°C.

Umzekelo, "indawo yoxinzelelo lombethe" kwi-10 °C ye-0.7MPa iguqulwa ibe "yindawo yoxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric dew point" ukuya kwi -16°C.Inokuqondwa ukuba xa isetyenziswe kwindawo engekho ngaphantsi kwe-16 ° C, akuyi kubakho manzi angama-liquid xa umoya ocinezelweyo uphelile emoyeni.

Zonke iindlela zokususa amanzi zomoya ocinezelweyo zomile kuphela, zidibana neqondo elithile lokoma.Akunakwenzeka ukususa ngokupheleleyo ukufuma, kwaye akunamali kakhulu ukulandela ukomisa ngaphaya kweemfuno zokusetyenziswa.
2 umgaqo wokusebenza

Isikhenkcisi somoya esicinezelweyo sipholisa umoya oxinanisiweyo ukujiya umphunga wamanzi kumoya ocinezelweyo ube ngamathontsi angamalwelo, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yokunciphisa ukufuma komoya ocinezelweyo.
Amaconsi akhutshiweyo akhutshwa kumatshini ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi ngokuzenzekelayo.Ukuba nje iqondo lobushushu le-ambiente lombhobho ongezantsi kwindawo yokuphuma kwesomisi lingekho ngaphantsi kweqondo lombethe kwindawo yokuphuma yomphunga, ukujiya kwesibini akusayi kwenzeka.

3 ukuhamba komsebenzi

Inkqubo yomoya oxinanisiweyo:
Umoya ocinezelweyo ungena kwi-air exchanger ubushushu (i-preheater) [1], ethi iqale inciphise iqondo lobushushu lobushushu obuphezulu, ize ingene kwi-Freon/air exchanger heat (evaporator) [2], apho umoya ocinezelweyo upholiswa khona. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kakhulu Nciphisa iqondo lobushushu kwiqondo lombethe, kwaye amanzi angamalwelo ahlukeneyo kunye nomoya oxinanisiweyo bahlulwe kwisahluli samanzi [3], kwaye amanzi ahluliweyo akhutshwa kumatshini ngesixhobo sokuhambisa amanzi.

Umoya ocinezelekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphantsi befriji yokutshintshiselana ngobushushu kwi-evaporator [2].Ngeli xesha, iqondo lobushushu lomoya ocinezelweyo liphantsi kakhulu, liphantse lilingane neqondo lombethe eliyi-2 ~ 10°C.Ukuba akukho mfuneko ikhethekileyo (oko kukuthi, akukho mfuneko yobushushu obuphantsi bomoya ocinezelweyo), ngokuqhelekileyo umoya ocinezelweyo uya kubuyela kwisitshintshi sobushushu somoya (i-preheater) [1] ukutshintshiselana ngobushushu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bomoya obucinezelekileyo osanda kungena. isixhobo somiso esibandayo.Injongo yokwenza oku:

① Sebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo "inkunkuma yokupholisa" yomoya ocinezelweyo owomileyo ukupholisa kwangaphambili umoya wobushushu obuphezulu osanda kungena kwindawo eyomisayo, ukuze unciphise umthwalo wefriji yesomisi esibandayo;

② Thintela iingxaki zesibini ezifana ne-condensation, ukuvuza, kunye nomhlwa ngaphandle kombhobho wesiphelo obangelwa ngumoya ophantsi ocinezelweyo womoya.

Inkqubo yesikhenkcisi:

Ifriji yefriji ingena kwicompressor [4], kwaye emva koxinzelelo, uxinzelelo luyenyuka (kwaye ubushushu buyanda), kwaye xa iphezulu kancinane kunoxinzelelo kwi-condenser, umphunga wefriji ophezulu woxinzelelo ukhutshelwa kwi-condenser [6] ].Kwi-condenser, umphunga wefriji kwiqondo eliphezulu lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lutshintshisa ubushushu kunye nomoya kwiqondo eliphantsi lobushushu (ukupholisa umoya) okanye amanzi okupholisa (ukupholisa kwamanzi), ngaloo ndlela udibanisa iFreon yefriji ibe yimeko yolwelo.

Ngeli xesha, i-refrigerant engamanzi ingena kwi-Freon/i-air exchanger (i-evaporator) [2] ngetyhubhu ye-capillary / ivelufa yokwandisa [8] ukudandatheka (ipholile phantsi) kwaye ifunxe ubushushu bomoya oxinzelelweyo kwi-evaporator ukuba ibe ngumphunga. .Into eza kupholiswa - umoya oxinzelelweyo upholile, kwaye umphunga wefriji owenziwe ngumphunga ufunxelwa yi-compressor ukuqala umjikelo olandelayo.

Isikhenkcezisi sigqiba umjikelo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezine zokunyanzeliswa, ukunyuswa, ukwanda (i-throttling), kunye ne-evaporation kwinkqubo.Ngokusebenzisa imijikelo eqhubekayo yokukhenkceza, injongo yokukhenkceza umoya iphunyeziwe.
4 Imisebenzi yecandelo ngalinye
umtshintshi wobushushu bomoya
Ukuze kuthintelwe amanzi ajikisiweyo ukuba angabikho kudonga olungaphandle lombhobho wangaphandle, umoya owomileyo owomileyo uyawushiya umphunga uze utshintshe ubushushu kwakhona ngobushushu obuphezulu, umoya oshushu kunye nofumileyo oxinaniswe kwisitshintshi sobushushu somoya.Kwangaxeshanye, ubushushu bomoya ongena kwi-evaporator buyancipha kakhulu.

utshintsho lobushushu
Ifriji ifunxa ubushushu kwaye iyanda kwi-evaporator, itshintsha ukusuka kwimeko yolwelo ukuya kwimo yerhasi, kwaye umoya ocinezelweyo upholiswa ngokutshintshiselana kobushushu, ukuze umphunga wamanzi kumoya ocinezelweyo utshintshe ukusuka kwimo yerhasi ukuya kwimeko engamanzi.

isahluli samanzi
Amanzi angama-liquid e-precipitated ahlukaniswe kumoya oxinzelelweyo kwi-separator yamanzi.Okukhona uphezulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlula kwesahluli samanzi, kokukhona umlinganiselo omncinci wamanzi angamalwelo uguqukela kumoya oxinanisiweyo, kwaye kokukhona usezantsi indawo yoxinzelelo lombethe womoya oxinanisiweyo.

icompressor
Ifriji yegesi ingena kwicompressor yefriji kwaye ixinzelelwe ukuba ibe yi-high-temperature, i-high-pressure gaseous friji.

ivalve yokudlula
Ukuba iqondo lobushushu lamanzi olwelo olunamanzi lihla ngaphantsi kweqondo lomkhenkce, umkhenkce ojiyileyo uya kubangela ukuvaleka komkhenkce.Ivalve ye-bypass inokulawula ubushushu befriji kwaye ilawule indawo yoxinzelelo lombethe kwiqondo lokushisa elizinzileyo (phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-6 ° C)

i-condenser

I-condenser inciphisa ukushisa kwefriji, kwaye i-refrigerant ishintsha ukusuka kwi-high-temperature gaseous state ukuya kwi-low-temperature liquid state.

isihluzo
Isihluzi sihluza ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola kwefriji.

I-Capillary / iValve yoKwandiswa
Emva kokuba ifriji idlula kwi-tube ye-capillary / i-valve yokwandisa, umthamo wayo uyanda, ubushushu bawo buyancipha, kwaye buba bubushushu obuphantsi, obuphantsi koxinzelelo.

Isahluli segesi-ulwelo
Ekubeni i-refrigerant engamanzi engena kwi-compressor iya kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi, okunokubangela umonakalo kwi-compressor yefriji, i-refrigerant gas-liquid separator iqinisekisa ukuba kuphela i-gaseous refrigerant inokungena kwi-compressor yefriji.

idreyini ezenzekelayo
I-drain ezenzekelayo ikhupha amanzi angamalwelo aqokelelwe ezantsi kwesahluli ngaphandle komatshini ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo.

isomisi

I-dryer efrijiweyo ineenzuzo zesakhiwo esincinci, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa, kunye neendleko zokugcinwa okuphantsi.Ifanelekile kwizihlandlo apho ubushushu bombethe woxinzelelo lomoya ocinezelweyo lungekho phantsi kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-0 ° C).
I-adsorption dryer isebenzisa i-desiccant ukuze ikhuphe kwaye yomise umoya oxinzelelweyo onyanzelekileyo ukuba uhambe.Izixhobo zokumisa i-adsorption zokuvuselela zihlala zisetyenziswa yonke imihla.
● isihluzo
Izihluzi zahlulwe zaba zizihluzi eziphambili zemibhobho, izahluli zamanzi erhasi, izihluzi zekhabhoni ezidambisa ivumba, izihluzi zokucoca umphunga, njl. njl., kwaye imisebenzi yazo kukususa ioyile, uthuli, ukufuma kunye nobunye ukungcola emoyeni ukufumana umoya ococekileyo oxinanisiweyo.Umoya.